Kamis, 19 Januari 2012

COMPRESSOR

Compressors are either the axial design (with up to 19 stages) or the centrifugal design (with one or two impellers). In the axial compressor designs, beam and cantilever style stator vanes are utilized. Cantilever style stator vanes are used in compressors where stage loading is relatively light. Compressor pressure ratios have increased signifi cantly over the past forty years with the aero-derivative consistently leading the way to higher levels. Pressure ratios, which were 5:1 at the start of World War II have increased to 12:1 for the newer industrial gas turbines. Through the use of increased stage loading (variable geometry and dual-spool techniques), compressor pressure ratios of most recent aero-derivatives have been increased to greater than 30:1 (Figure 1). This advancement in the state of the art is a prime contributor in the overall increase in simple-cycle thermal efficiency to 35% for aero-derivative gas turbines. To achieve similar efficiencies the industrial gas turbines have had to use regenerators and other forms of waste heat recovery. Typical materials used in the compressor are listed in Table 1.
Figure 1. Courtesy of United Technologies Corporation, Pratt & Whitney Aircraft. A pictorial summary portraying the history of compressor blades from the early JT3 turbojet compressor blade on the left through to the most recent PW4084 blade on the right. This photograph represents a three-fold increase in  Compressor pressure ratios.


Tabel 1 Typical materials used in the compressor
COMPONENT
MAETRIAL
TRADE NAMES
Air Inlet Housing
Aluminum

Forward
Bearing Support
Aluminum
RR350, L51

Iron
Nodular

Stainless Steel
Jethete M.152, 17-4 Ph, 410
Housing
Aluminum
RR350, RR390, L51

Titanium
6A1-4V

Iron
MSRR6078, FV 448, FV 507

Stainless Steel
Jethete M.152, Chromally

Precipitation Hardening Super Alloy
Inco 718
Exit Housing Diffuser
Aluminum

Rear Bearing Support
Aluminum
RR350, L51

Iron
Nodular

Stainless Steel
310, 321, FV 448, Chromally
410, Jethete M.152, MSRR 6078

Precipitation Hardening Super Alloy
Inco 718
Stator Vanes
Aluminum
RR 58

Titanium
6A1-4V

Stainless Steel
A286, Chromally, Jethete M.
152, Greek Ascoloy, FV 535,
FV500, 18/8,

Precipitation Hardening Super Alloy
Nimonic 75, Nimonic 105
Rotor Blades
Aluminum
RR 58

Titanium
6A1-4V, TBB

Stainless Steel
A286, Greek Ascoloy, FV 535,
FV520, 17-4 Ph, 403

Precipitation Hardening Super Alloy
Inco 718, Nimonic 901
D iscs, Spool, Drum
Titanium
6A1-4V, TBA (IMI 679), IMI 381

Steel
4340, FV 448, B5-F5, 9310

Stainless Steel
410, 17-4 Ph, Jethete M. 152,
Chromally (FV 535)

Precipitation Hardening Super Alloy
Incoloy 901, Inco 718,
Nimonic 901
Shafts, Hubs
Steel
Hykoro, 4340, 9310, B5-F5

Precipitation Hardening Super Alloy
Inco 718


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